1. Make sure to always close your rat's cage when you are done holding your rat. When buying a new cage always make sure that the lid to the cage closes securely. Also make sure that any food dishes that are attached to the cage (covering up a hole) are tightly attached to the cage. If either of these do not close tight enough, this could be a problem because rats can figure out how to get out if it's not tight enough.
2. Be cautious while your rat is running in its exercise ball. Often times it's easy to put your rat into its exercise ball and do nothing else and forget about him. That's why it's important to rat-proof a room before placing your rat in that room. For example, pick a room to let your rat run around in (in its ball), and then make sure there's no places he or she can get stuck and make sure all doors are shut. Also make sure no other animals are able to get in the room that could scare your rat, to avoid heart attacks. It's also important to put your rat back in its cage when guests are over.
3. Be careful to avoid contact with other animals while holding your rat. Some rats are scared to death of other animals - such as dogs. A lot of times when rats see other animals they are afraid of, they will jump from your lap, making the animal they were afraid of, startled, causing your rat to get stepped on. Although some rats will do the opposite and try to hide in your shirt, this should still be avoided though. Other rats, will get so scared, they may even have a heart attack. So as you can see, it's probably best to just keep your rat to yourself and other humans.
4. Always make sure your rat's water bottle is always working. Often times with the water bottles that have the straw hanging down with a marble that blocks the water from coming down can break. The most common way it breaks is the marble getting stuck so your rat cant get water. To make sure this doesn't happen, every time you refill your rat's water, check to make sure that when you push on the marble, water comes out. You should refill your rat's water every 2 - 3 days.
5. Remember to have clean hands when holding your rat. It's easy for rats to pick up germs off of your hands, especially because when rats see that we are dirty, they try and clean us by licking. Even if you think that your hands are clean, they're not. So it's important to always wash your hands before holding your rat. But it's not good to use hand sanitize because of the strong fumes and the alcohol and chemicals that your rat will inhale and lick up.
6. Dry food isn't the only food you should give your rat. In order for your rat to have a healthy diet, you shouldn't give your rat just dry food from the store. A rat's diet consists of a variety of fruits and vegetables. But you shouldn't only give your rat fruits and vegetables. You should also give your rat rat blocks (aka lab blocks). Rat blocks are food blocks that scientists give there rats that they are running tests on. Rat blocks are full of plenty of vitamins rats need. You can finds rat blocks at almost any pet store with small animals. For more information see Healthy Snacks. Also make sure to see Foods to Avoid! so you don't give your rat the wrong vegetables.
7. Always make sure your rat's cage is clean. A very easy thing to forget to do, is to clean your rat's cage. In a rat's urine, is ammonia gasses. Ammonia gasses aren't good for rats. One thing that also triggers Mycoplasmosis, is not cleaning your rat's cage as often as you should. This is because the rats inhale the gasses in their waste (ammonia) which is bad for the their respiratory system, and Mycoplasmosis is a respiratory disease. Also an unclean cage stinks! So you probably should clean your rat's cage. You should change your rat's bedding every one to one and a half weeks depending on how many rats you have and what kind of bedding you use.
8. Just like humans, rats can get too hot. Always be careful about where to put your rat's cage. If its cage is in the sun, they can over heat. Over heating can lead to heat stroke or even death.
9. Rats can get injuries without you knowing. A lot of the time when a rat gets injured, it's easy to not notice. Such as a small cut or a broken nail. So it is important to every day, check for broken nails, cuts, etc. It is also important to every week, thoroughly check your rat for more serious things. One thing is tumors. You should also check that your rat walks like he or she normally does. Such as if he limps slightly when he walks.
10. One of the most important things, is to be safe with your rat. You should always be safe when holding your rat. For example, when your rat is on your shoulder, don't run around, and, try not to slip. Or if your rat is climbing around on the couch, warn other people before they sit down. So, basically, use common sense while holding your rat.
